| Introduction of Hong Kong Company ("HK") | | | | The pricing for the transaction, as usual, will have to |
| Hong Kong, officially the Hong Kong Special | | | | account for both the full industrial cost and a margin. |
| Administrative Region is one special administrative | | | | This latter must be configured in order for the Chinese |
| regions of China. The territory lies on the eastern side | | | | entity to reach a sound financial and fiscal |
| of the Pearl River Delta. | | | | performance, but still providing wide enough space, to |
| Hong Kong was a dependent territory of the United | | | | the HK entity, to build its margins. In practice, the margin |
| Kingdom from 1842 until July 1, 1997. Under the policy | | | | can vary considerably and must be carefully chosen |
| of "one country, two systems", the Central | | | | according to industry sector and the actual financial |
| Government is responsible for the territory's defence | | | | performance, among other factors. The HK company |
| and foreign affairs, while the Government of Hong | | | | will then realize its turnover by selling to its clients, |
| Kong is responsible for its own legal system, police | | | | according to its marketing strengths. The margin |
| force, monetary system, customs policy, immigration | | | | involved in this latter transaction will then build the |
| policy etc. | | | | majority profits. The proper offshore corporate |
| Hong Kong remains one of the top twenty trading | | | | structure can save approximately USD 0.07 for every |
| economies, the world's third largest financial center. | | | | one dollar worth of goods. A considerable difference. |
| Hong Kong's corporate law is strongly based on the | | | | 3. HONG KONG company as a black box |
| British Legal System, the setting up of a Hong Kong is | | | | Sourcing operations in HK that serve European and |
| a str. Local businesses are regulated and Hong Kong | | | | American customers often need to walk a tightrope to |
| regards itself as a low tax centre rather than a tax | | | | meet demands. With product life cycles getting shorter |
| haven. Taxes are levied on profits which is 16.5% since | | | | and disloyal customers merely looking at the price tag, |
| Financial Year 2008/2009. Under special | | | | these customers might try doing direct business with |
| circumstances, a Hong Kong company may even | | | | the respective Chinese suppliers. Therefore, many |
| declare business transactions as offshore which are | | | | buyers have found it very useful that by channelling |
| subject o 0% tax in Hong Kong. | | | | business via a HK company the risk of disclosing their |
| As Hong Kong's role as a major trading and gateway | | | | Chinese suppliers can be avoided. When the final |
| to China mainland and Asia, some companies formed | | | | goods are shipped, all related documents, labels, |
| in Hong Kong are for trading purposes generally, while | | | | addresses and other hints are rewritten in HK so that |
| some use it as HQ of it's operations in China mainland. | | | | customers as well as suppliers only know the HK |
| Doesn't like other China cities, Hong Kong has no | | | | Limited Company, but do not know each other. |
| restrictions on capital transfer in/out of Hong Kong (No | | | | 4. Easy relax constraints on restructuring operations |
| Currency Control) | | | | If these weren't enough of an advantage, let's take a |
| Why structure with your HK company and subsidiary | | | | look of the advantages of having a structured |
| WFOE in China? | | | | investment in China mainland as opposed to a direct |
| As many foreign companies continue to source from | | | | one. China's regulations and company laws are being |
| China via Hong Kong (HK), it is worthwhile to take a | | | | refined and, although they benefit from decades of |
| closer look as to why this model enjoys ongoing | | | | experience by looking at developed countries, they are |
| popularity and how to implement an efficient set-up. | | | | far from simple handling. Investing in China does not |
| There are many good reasons for companies to | | | | have to be confused with the simple setting up of |
| manage their supply chain from HK: a good | | | | manufacturing WFOE, Trading WFOE or provision of |
| infrastructure, a legal framework based on British law, | | | | services to local clients: it involves a long term |
| a transparent and efficient banking system, fair | | | | commitment to play by the local rules in China: |
| taxation, a fully convertible currency and a qualified | | | | Mergers, Acquisitions, company restructuring, |
| workforce. | | | | reallocation of shares among investors, or even buying |
| 1. No storage costs and less financial risk | | | | out the investor, are all paths which lie ahead of any |
| The option of selling goods 'Free On Board' (FOB) | | | | investment and should not be underestimated in the |
| from China has become a huge success factor for | | | | initial formulation of the strategy. |
| foreign companies that have set up shop in HK. The | | | | So how can an offshore structure relax constraints on |
| big retailers in US & Europe who are a major | | | | these operations? The idea of buffer entity comes in |
| customer group of many toy, textile and hard goods | | | | moving the hub of corporate restructuring operation |
| trading companies are increasingly asking for this | | | | back into the offshore investment vehicle, as opposed |
| option which also helps the traders avoid many of the | | | | to a direct involvement of the Chinese company itself. |
| former risks associated with selling big numbers of | | | | The ease and freedom in reallocation of shares or |
| merchandise. By opening a letter of credit to the HK | | | | sale of part of, as well as all of the equity stake in an |
| Limited Company which is then passed on to the | | | | Hong Kong company, is considerably more attractive |
| China supplier, the danger of non-payment by the | | | | than having to confront Chinese regulations which, at |
| customer can be easily eliminated. This has particular | | | | times, have proven not so supportive and responsive. |
| significance if the order is customised specifically | | | | In practical, a reallocation of shares among investors in |
| according to the customer's needs: special brand | | | | Shanghai may cost investors 2 months to accomplish |
| name, colour, functionality or simply the packaging | | | | all licenses. While in Hong Kong, it takes 1 week only. |
| make it impossible to sell goods to another customer. | | | | As a matter of fact, a full blown model for offshore |
| Apart from smaller financial risks, the cost of logistics | | | | structures would recommend an offshore investment |
| and expensive storing – which often make up 3-5% | | | | vehicle on the back of each investment into China |
| of a transaction – can be saved. Thus, direct FOB | | | | Mainland. The pros and cons of such a complete |
| business leads to a faster time to market and to lower | | | | model as opposed to a single buffer holding company |
| prices both of which can boost competitiveness in | | | | must be evaluated on a single client base. |
| times of rising sourcing costs throughout the region. | | | | CONCLUSIONS |
| 2. Lower Tax rates through HK company operation | | | | Needless to say, such a structure involves setup and |
| offshore with it's WFOE in China | | | | maintenance costs and time. Hong Kong's world |
| Let's assume a 25% corporate income tax rate for | | | | renowned business services infrastructure will make |
| China Mainland and a 16.5% for Hong Kong. The | | | | this process less of a burden. With TCBC's |
| Chinese entity will be the one running the operations, | | | | professional advice, such an offshore structure can be |
| while the HK entity will allow for optimization of the | | | | setup in a matter of weeks and then enjoys all the |
| company's offshore corporate structure. | | | | benefits of this structure arrangement and avoiding |
| Once the goods are produced or traded in China | | | | some of the weaknesses of China investment |
| mainland, they can be sold to it's HK parent company. | | | | structure. |