Avoiding Shareholder Litigation

Assert Inspection Rights. This can result in someInitiate Involuntary Dissolution of the Corporation. Under
surprising revelations which, in turn, may lead tocertain circumstances (such as fraud, mismanagement
interesting results.or abuse), a court may order the dissolution of a
Expand Board of Directors. Expanding a company'scorporation against its will initiated by at least 1/2 of the
Board of Directors can avoid and/or eliminate adirectors or 1/3 of the shareholders. (Depending on the
deadlock. It may also bring in a fresh point of view.facts, a shareholder with less than 1/3 can initiate this
Purchase Control. If the shareholders each own anaction.) The corporation or 50% of the shareholders
equal number of shares one shareholder may wish tomay elect to avoid this result by agreeing to buy out
consider paying a premium to buy a controlling interestthe initiator's stock for fair market value.
in the company.Sell Company to Third Party. If the shareholders are
Seek Appointment of Provisional Director. If theunable to continue in business together, the
corporation has an even number of directors and theshareholders may wish to consider selling the
board is deadlocked, any director or holder of at least 1company to a third party.
3 of the voting shares can petition a court to appoint aExecute a Buy-Sell Agreement. Of course, one of the
provisional director to break the deadlock. If thebest ways to avoid a shareholder dispute is to have all
corporation has an uneven number of directors andshareholders enter into a written agreement that sets
the shareholders are deadlocked, any shareholder offorth what rights the shareholders will have in the
at least ½ of the voting shares can petition aevent of certain contingencies (such as death, disability
court to appoint a provisional director under certainor deadlock). This is ideally done when the company is
circumstances.first formed but can be done at any time, including
File for Bankruptcy Reorganization. Under certainwhen a dispute arises.
circumstances, a Chapter 11 bankruptcy reorganizationThese are just a few of the possible approaches that
can result in one shareholder, or a group ofmay be considered when faced with shareholder
shareholders, gaining control of the corporation.disputes in California.