There May Be Benefits to Incorporating in Foreign States

One of the most common questions for entitiesexploded. Unlike most other states, Nevada does not
wishing to incorporate is - "Where should Irequire corporate stockowners to disclose their
incorporate?" In fact, an entity can choose from any ofinformation. In fact, the information is not kept on file
the 50 states or the District of Columbia. There haswith the state.
been a great deal of hype about incorporating inAdditionally, to ensure privacy, Nevada allows its
certain states that happen to be well-known for havingcorporations to use bearer stock certificates, which
favorable laws for corporations. When an entity electsmake it virtually impossible to prove the ownership of a
to incorporate outside its "home" state, the mostNevada corporation. Accordingly, owners or investors
common states in which the entities incorporate includeutilizing bearer shares can have complete control and
Delaware and Nevada. However, even taking accountownership while remaining anonymous.
of favorable laws in certain states, an entity's "home"Nevada also does not tax the income of its
state (i.e., the state in which the corporation conducts acorporations or its state's citizens. A Nevada
majority of its business) may often be the best statecorporation is also not subject to any other hidden
to incorporate.taxes such as franchise taxes, capital stock taxes, or
Due in large part to their liberal incorporation laws andinventory taxes. Sales tax applies only to products sold
favorable tax policies, the most "incorporation friendly"within the state.
states are Delaware and Nevada. And here's why...Incorporate a Business or Form a Limited Liability
Should I incorporate in Delaware?Company in the State of Nevada.
Delaware's advantages as a place of incorporationCome tax time next year, you'll be glad you did!
range from the Delaware General Corporation Law toIncorporating in Your Home State May be BEST!
the flexibility built into the corporate formation process.For most small businesses, however, it may still be
Incorporating in Delaware is generally less expensivebest to incorporate in the state where your business is
than most other states. The initial charge forbased. Many legal and business professionals advise
incorporating in Delaware can be as low as $89.00; thethat you incorporate in the state in which your
annual franchise tax can be as low as $65.00 in manycorporation intends to conduct the majority of its
cases; and the cost of continuing operations is low asbusiness, and, if you intend to do business in only one
well. There is no Delaware corporate income tax forstate, you should incorporate in that state.
corporations that are formed in Delaware so long asIf you incorporate in a state that is traditionally
they do not transact business in Delaware.considered to be "corporation friendly," but then
Another benefit of Delaware incorporation isconduct business outside your state of incorporation,
Delaware's extensive and often easily interpretableyou will likely have to qualify to do business in the state
law. Delaware has a separate Court of Chancery (ain which you are conducting business. Qualifying to do
business court) that does not use juries, but insteadbusiness outside your state of incorporation is called
utilizes merit-based (not elected) judges. Because"foreign qualifying" or "foreign qualification." Qualifying as
there are no juries, decisions from the Chancery Courta foreign corporation involves: (1) filing the appropriate
are issued as written opinions, and as such, Delawareforeign qualification documentation with the relevant
has a large body of written legal precedent to relySecretary of State; and (2) paying additional filing and
upon.maintenance fees. For some entities it may be worth
Delaware law also allows for a version of the Limitedthe additional time and money associated with foreign
Liability Company called a Serial LLC. Traditionally, anqualification, but for many corporations, it simply
LLC is relatively simple to form and maintain. It is similarcreates an additional, unnecessary headache.
to the formation of a sole proprietorship or aWhen determining the appropriate state of
partnership, but also provides a layer of protection (theincorporation, you should undertake the following
corporate shield) as a limitation of liability. Unlike regularconsiderations:
LLCs, Delaware's "Serial" LLC allows different lines of1. What are the tax implications/benefits of
business to be treated separately from each otherincorporating outside your home state vs. incorporating
from a liability standpoint.inside your home state?
Incorporate a Business or Form a Limited Liability2. What are the additional costs of incorporating
Company in the State of Delaware.outside your home state and where, if anywhere, must
Come tax time next year, you'll be glad you did!you foreign qualify?
What about Nevada?3. Are the corporate laws in one state favorable to
Nevada began with corporate statutes based onthe type of business entity you are forming, and how
Delaware, and went further to establish a corporatedo they affect the obligations of the principals and/or
structure that allows investors and owners of Nevadashareholders of the corporation?
corporations to remain completely private. TheEven though some factors favor incorporating in the
Supreme Court of Nevada has consistently taken a"friendly" states of Delaware or Nevada, it may be
very strong stand in the protection of corporatemore expensive and more complicated to incorporate
privacy, even when a corporation fails to adhere toout of state. For this reason, it is important to consult
basic corporate formalities.with your attorney or accountant about the pros and
Since the implementation of these privacy statutes incons of incorporating out of state before making your
1991, the number of new incorporations in Nevada hasfinal decision.