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Alexander James Hamilton - Union Enlisted Man

Alexander James Hamilton was a Union soldier assigned to duty at Fort Delaware from August 1862 to June 1865. His diaries describe life at Fort Delaware from the perspective of a soldier who never rose above the rank of private.

Hamilton's experience at the fort, characterized by boredom and redundancy, was typical of Union Soldiers at the time. His journal reflects distaste for the hardships suffered in the line of duty, and a rather jaundiced view of the officers in command.

Alexander Hamilton as portrayed in "Waterbound"

Born in 1835 in Virginia, Hamilton moved to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania after the death of his father. His family exemplified the duality that reverberated in the conflict between the North and South. Soon after the war broke out, Alexander's oldest brother, John, loyal to his Virginian roots, joined with the Confederacy. He went into battle and was never heard from again.

In 1862, 26-year -old Alexander was working as a clerk in a store in Pittsburgh when he and his brother, Alfred, decided to enlist together in the Union Army, probably spurred into action by the surprising victories by the Southern army in the first year of the war. Both were assigned to Independent Battery G in the Pittsburgh Heavy Artillery. He was sent directly to Fort Delaware, though there is no mention in his writings of whether or not his brother accompanied him. After the war, Hamilton returned to Pittsburgh and taught school. He married, and fathered nine children. He was killed by a train while walking home along its tracks in 1897.

Excerpts from Hamilton's writings while stationed at Fort Delaware:2

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August 8, 1862 (Pittsburgh)
I rose early in the morning, opened up the store ready for business, went to breakfast, came back and waited for Mr. House to come in when I informed him of my intention to take service in the Army of my Country. He offered no objection. I then arranged my affairs, went to the Office at No. 2 St. Clair Street, signed the enlistment papers and was immediately sworn into the Pittsburg Heavy Artillery...

August 14, 1862 (leaving Pittsburg)
I do not think myself really a coward and can't say that I am afraid or that I regret having decided to take a part in the crushing of this Rebellion. But on this occasion my thoughts are sad and apprehensive. Will I live to meet all of my kind friends when this war is over and must I fall a victim to the ambitions of these infernal Rebels? Some of us undoubtedly are taking our last fond gaze at the Smoky City. If we fall may we fall with honor and may our lives purchase Peace for our survivors.

August 24, 1862 (Fort Delaware)
We were aroused early by the shrill notes of the bugler playing Reveille, got up, washed at a large cistern and after making such a toilet as we could we were marched to the quartermaster's department and furnished with camp equipage, went out to a very nice grassy spot where we pitched our tents and divided ourselves into eight messes.

August 26, 1862
After getting breakfast and eating heartily of it, I took my first stroll around the island and I find it is a very pretty place. Afterwards I came back to the camp and went to work to get dinner. We got fresh beef and beans today. Some of the boys brought me some very fine peaches from the famous Jersey orchards.

September 19, 1862
Weather still fine. We drew our coat, pants and blouses today. The City of Norwich landed 1,800 Rebel prisoners, miserable, filthy rascals they are.

September 21, 1862
At about 8 a.m. a large steamer ran into No. 3 Wharf and discharged a cargo of Johnny Rebs. I was detailed for guard duty for the first time and I was about as awkward as I could be, could scarcely come to shoulder arms, having never been on drill in my life. However with a good supply of cigars and plenty of shade I got through with it.

September 27, 1862
Got my second turn at guard duty on the river bank and got along pretty well until 1 o'clock at night when in the dark I fell off a narrow plank into the river, lost my gun and cap, knocked another man's gun into the river and lost it. At 2 a.m. I was back at my post and stood until 9. Got my own gun out of the river, went to quarters where Boggs and I had a little fuss but nothing but a little swearing was done. I had to work all day getting my gun cleaned up.

October 5, 1862
Have been about the tent devouring fruit and reading all day. About 11 p.m. went over to the hospital to watch over some of the boys who are sick, found Vance almost dead. Crumrine and Granny delirious, had to be either tied down or held in bed, Young is equally wild but not so strong and boisterous, McMyers also wild, John Thomas very sick but not crazy, many of the other boys sick but not so bad as these. The disease is typhoid fever probably induced by eating so much fruit and lying on the damp ground. At about 1 a.m. poor Vance died.

January 1, 1863
Came off guard at 9 a.m., was very tired and sleepy, tried to get sleep, but the noise prevented it. Read until noon, was then detailed to go with six others to take the dead body of Tharp to Delaware City. We deposited the body in the Dead House then went to the Whiskey House and took a drink. We wanted to stop a while on account of New Year's but Lt. Young couldn't see it and we were marched on board the boat and had a pleasant trip. Got up a dance in quarters and were happy until Taps sent us to bed.

August 28, 1863
Started for Wilmington on board the G. Ralph at 7 a.m., arrived at 9 a.m., got breakfast then went out to look for fun. Found the ugliest woman I had ever met. Took dinner with Mrs. Bryan. News came in of the surrender of Fort Sumter and Wagner's Island and the citizens had a jollification. We called on the ladies, called first at Bradies (good time) then at Gettys, Boyd's, Ayers, got our rations then started for the depot. Got into conversation with the captain of the guard to avoid being asked for papers.

January 1, 1864
There is not much going on today. I am inside most of the day playing cards. Went down to Mrs. Patterson's at 8 p.m. Some 7 or 8 Irish girls are there, a dozen boys and two fiddles, we conclude to be jolly, went to dancing, kept up till morning but had two quarrels and came near to bursting up. The wind is blowing at a fearful rate and it is the coldest night of the season. I went out at 2 o'clock and stayed until 4 then went back to the party.


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