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Washington Nugent - Union Surgeon

Major Washington George Nugent, born in Gulphs Mills, PA in 1822, was a Union Assistant Surgeon at Fort Delaware from 1863 to 1865. Nugent enlisted with the Union Army at age 19, immediately following the fall of Fort Sumter in April 1861. He spent 3 months in the army as a corporal for the Doylestown Guards, until being appointed as the Assistant Surgeon to the 96th Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, and later the 126th Pennsylvania Volunteers. He faced battle at Fredericksburg in December of 1862, his skills much needed as the Union troops were badly beaten by Rebel forces.

Washington Nugent as portrayed in "Waterbound"
When Nugent was "mustered out" in 1863 after two years of service, he did not feel prepared to resume civilian life with his family. He "re-upped" for service and was assigned to a post at Fort Delaware. Nugent's letters to his wife provide insight into the treacherous work of a Civil War surgeon. Though Fort Delaware never faced battle directly, its inhabitants were involved in a much more dangerous war...one that would claim more lives than all the bullets and cannonballs of the conflict combined: a war against infectious disease.

Excerpts from Nugent's writings while stationed at Fort Delaware:5

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Fort Delaware, Nov. 13th, 1863
My Darling Wife,

...Well darling by this time I am beginning to feel at home...but I do not feel Exceedingly Exalted by the position. The duties in general are not arduous, I visit my ward of fifty patients at 8 1/2 in the mornings, at 4 in after noon (sic) and as often between times as I feel disposed. I prescribe for them, fix the diet table and order whatever I please in regard to arrangement of my patients...

It is a first rate place here to see every character and type of disease. I told you that there were 3500 prisoners here, there are at present 660 sick, 156 cases of small pox, and a case of almost every disease ever heard of.

Fort Delaware, Jan. 10th 1864
My Darling Wife,

I was particularly fortunate last week in receiving two letters from you. I rejoice my dear wife that you have so far escaped a cold, which very bothersome visitor has been so very free about lately. On the Island here we have among the prisoners very many severe cases of Pneumonia, the fatality is very great. Those poor fellows already much weakened with Scurvy, etc., soon succumb to an attack of inflammation of the lungs. Do what you will, they die here daily from this disease. Among the articles of news I must tell you that whilst we were all congratulating ourselves upon the ending and decline of small pox, behold it breaks out with renewed vigor and...I should not be at all surprised if it should go the rounds and leave us all alike...

We are still having very cold weather although today at noon it was quite comfortable. The river here is full of ice and our steamboat is laid up for the winter...I am certain that I cannot bear comfortably the same amount of cold that I could a few years ago-- I have often thought of the tramps through the snow from morning until night in early days and, later in life, the long sleigh rides at night when I imagined it delightful-- the very thought of it makes me shiver. I declare I would not go out on a sleigh ride just now, nor any time, I believe, for a handsome sum...

Several of the cases in the hospital are from frozen feet and I have no doubt that those men in the rebel barracks suffer much from the cold as the barracks are only wooden structures and the boarding not very neatly or closely done. Few if any of them have ever been so far North in winter, they are principally from Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Georgia, etc. and I cannot see how they are to avoid disease and suffering...The vaccine arrived safely, I thought I had written in regard to it, on some it did well, but most were failures. I have been vaccinated twice since I have been here and was tried again today.

Fort Delaware, March 20th 1864
My Darling Wife,

...immediately after tea, two medical gentlemen came to my room and remained until this minute...One of them is a newcomer here, a very gentlemanly man. Unfortunately among the last batch of prisoners he met his own brother which of course makes him feel somewhat unpleasant, he is trying to have him released, to take oath, and go north, etc, etc. All very fine, but I must say I cannot exactly see the propriety of liberating men who have been in arms for months and years against the government, merely upon the pretext that they are sorry for it and a promise of good behavior in future, all this too immediately after capture. It seems to me like a very hasty repentance for misdeeds.

Fort Delaware, June 12th 1864
My Darling Wife,

We have all talked of offering our services to go to the front...I assure you my dear wife I would much prefer serving my country where I think I could do really more service than doctoring rebels and I would gladly go again into the field were it not for one consideration. I have yet to see the day when I felt the duties of active duty too irksome-no fatigue-no privation nor any exposure ever made me regret a single moment that I was there. Neither would any consideration of the same deter me one single instant from again starting off. I would gladly go. I would feel more like myself and decidedly feel more at home than I do here. There is something comforting even amid distress among the wounded and the dying. I say there is something comforting to you to know that you are helping to relieve them-that you are there on the spot and with the good, the brave and the strong as well as the weak and dying, are exposed to the same trials and privations. You feel that you can do something for them, you can do some good. You are then identified with the cause for which they fought and were stricken and you feel that you have the right to glory in the flag in whose shadow you repose...but in the meantime I will to try and do my duty here.


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